,
Camille Piponiot [aut] ,
Mauro Lepore [aut] ,
Kristina Anderson-Teixeira [aut]
,
Jeffrey Hanson [rev],
Jonas Stillhard [rev]| Title: | Tree Biomass Estimation at Extra-Tropical Forest Plots |
|---|---|
| Description: | Standardize and simplify the tree biomass estimation process across globally distributed extratropical forests. |
| Authors: | Erika Gonzalez-Akre [aut, cre, cph]
,
Camille Piponiot [aut] ,
Mauro Lepore [aut] ,
Kristina Anderson-Teixeira [aut]
,
Jeffrey Hanson [rev],
Jonas Stillhard [rev] |
| Maintainer: | Erika Gonzalez-Akre <[email protected]> |
| License: | GPL-3 |
| Version: | 0.0.1.9000 |
| Built: | 2024-08-18 05:34:10 UTC |
| Source: | https://github.com/ropensci/allodb |
equations: Table of allometric equations.
equations_metadata: Explanation of columns for equations table.
equations equations_metadataequations equations_metadata
An object of class spec_tbl_df (inherits from tbl_df, tbl, data.frame) with 570 rows and 47 columns.
An object of class spec_tbl_df (inherits from tbl_df, tbl, data.frame) with 47 rows and 7 columns.
A compilation of best available allometry equations to calculate tree above-ground biomass (AGB) per species based on extratropical ForestGEO sites.
See references for equations original sources.
Other database datasets:
missing_values,
references,
sites_info,
sitespecies
# preview the datasets print(head(equations)) print(head(equations_metadata))# preview the datasets print(head(equations)) print(head(equations_metadata))
This function calibrates new allometric equations from sampling previous ones. New allometric equations are calibrated for each species and location by resampling the original compiled equations; equations with a larger sample size, and/or higher taxonomic rank, and climatic similarity with the species and location in question are given a higher weight in this process.
est_params( genus, coords, species = NULL, new_eqtable = NULL, wna = 0.1, w95 = 500, nres = 10000 )est_params( genus, coords, species = NULL, new_eqtable = NULL, wna = 0.1, w95 = 500, nres = 10000 )
genus |
a character vector, containing the genus (e.g. "Quercus") of each tree. |
coords |
a numeric vector of length 2 with longitude and latitude (if all trees were measured in the same location) or a matrix with 2 numerical columns giving the coordinates of each tree. |
species |
a character vector (same length as genus), containing the
species (e.g. "rubra") of each tree. Default is |
new_eqtable |
Optional. An equation table created with the
|
wna |
a numeric vector, this parameter is used in the |
w95 |
a numeric vector, this parameter is used in the |
nres |
number of resampled values. Default is "1e4". |
An object of class "data.frame" of fitted coefficients (columns) of the non-linear least-square regression:
weight_allom(), new_equations().
# calibrate new allometries for all Lauraceae species lauraceae <- subset(scbi_stem1, Family == "Lauraceae") est_params( genus = lauraceae$genus, species = lauraceae$species, coords = c(-78.2, 38.9) )# calibrate new allometries for all Lauraceae species lauraceae <- subset(scbi_stem1, Family == "Lauraceae") est_params( genus = lauraceae$genus, species = lauraceae$species, coords = c(-78.2, 38.9) )
Genus and their associated family identified in the extratropical ForestGEO sites used in allodb.
genus_familygenus_family
An object of class tbl_df (inherits from tbl, data.frame) with 248 rows and 2 columns.
Other datasets:
gymno_genus,
koppenMatrix,
scbi_stem1,
shrub_species
# preview the dataset print(head(genus_family))# preview the dataset print(head(genus_family))
This function calculates the aboveground biomass (or other tree components) of a given tree based on published allometric equations. Users need to provide a table (i.e. dataframe) with DBH (cm), parsed species Latin names, and site(s) coordinates. The biomass of all trees in one (or several) censuses can be estimated using this function.
get_biomass( dbh, genus, coords, species = NULL, new_eqtable = NULL, wna = 0.1, w95 = 500, nres = 10000 )get_biomass( dbh, genus, coords, species = NULL, new_eqtable = NULL, wna = 0.1, w95 = 500, nres = 10000 )
dbh |
a numeric vector containing tree diameter at breast height (dbh) measurements, in cm. |
genus |
a character vector (same length as dbh), containing the genus (e.g. "Quercus") of each tree. |
coords |
a numeric vector of length 2 with longitude and latitude (if all trees were measured in the same location) or a matrix with 2 numerical columns giving the coordinates of each tree. |
species |
a character vector (same length as dbh), containing the
species (e.g. "rubra") of each tree. Default is |
new_eqtable |
Optional. An equation table created with the
|
wna |
a numeric vector, this parameter is used in the |
w95 |
a numeric vector, this parameter is used in the |
nres |
number of resampled values. Default is "1e4". |
allodb estimates AGB by calibrating a new allometric equation for each
taxon (arguments genus and species) and location (argument coords) in
the user-provided census data. The new allometric equation is based on a set
of allometric equations that can be customized using the new_eqtable
argument. Each equation is then given a weight with the weight_allom()
function, based on: 1) its original sample size (numbers of trees used to
develop a given allometry), 2) its climatic similarity with the target
location, and 3) its taxonomic similarity with the target taxon (see
documentation of the weight_allom() function). The final weight attributed
to each equation is the product of those three weights. Equations are then
resampled with theresample_agb() funtion: the number of samples per
equation is proportional to its weight, and the total number of samples is
provided by the argument nres. The resampling is done by drawing DBH values
from a uniform distribution on the DBH range of the equation, and estimating
the AGB with the equation. The couples of values (DBH, AGB) obtained are then
used in the function est_params() to calibrate a new allometric equation,
by applying a linear regression to the log-transformed data. The parameters
of the new allometric equations are then used in the get_biomass() function
by back-transforming the AGB predictions based on the user-provided DBHs.
A "numeric" vector of the same length as dbh, containing AGB value (in kg) for every stem.
The function can run into some memory problems when used on large datasets (usually several hundred thousand observations).
weight_allom(), new_equations()
# Estimate biomass of all individuals from the Lauraceae family at the SCBI # plot lau <- subset(scbi_stem1, Family == "Lauraceae") lau$agb <- get_biomass(lau$dbh, lau$genus, lau$species, coords = c(-78.2, 38.9) ) lau # Estimate biomass from multiple sites (using scbi_stem1 as example with # multiple coord) dat <- scbi_stem1[1:100, ] dat$long <- c(rep(-78, 50), rep(-80, 50)) dat$lat <- c(rep(40, 50), rep(41, 50)) dat$biomass <- get_biomass( dbh = dat$dbh, genus = dat$genus, species = dat$species, coords = dat[, c("long", "lat")] ) dat# Estimate biomass of all individuals from the Lauraceae family at the SCBI # plot lau <- subset(scbi_stem1, Family == "Lauraceae") lau$agb <- get_biomass(lau$dbh, lau$genus, lau$species, coords = c(-78.2, 38.9) ) lau # Estimate biomass from multiple sites (using scbi_stem1 as example with # multiple coord) dat <- scbi_stem1[1:100, ] dat$long <- c(rep(-78, 50), rep(-80, 50)) dat$lat <- c(rep(40, 50), rep(41, 50)) dat$biomass <- get_biomass( dbh = dat$dbh, genus = dat$genus, species = dat$species, coords = dat[, c("long", "lat")] ) dat
Table with genus and their associated family for Gymnosperms identified in the ForestGEO sites used in allodb.
gymno_genusgymno_genus
An object of class tbl_df (inherits from tbl, data.frame) with 95 rows and 3 columns.
Other datasets:
genus_family,
koppenMatrix,
scbi_stem1,
shrub_species
# preview the dataset print(head(gymno_genus))# preview the dataset print(head(gymno_genus))
This function illustrates the resampling of AGB values used in allodb. It creates objects of class "ggplot".
illustrate_allodb( genus, coords, species = NULL, new_eqtable = NULL, logxy = FALSE, neq = 10, eqinfo = "equation_taxa", wna = 0.1, w95 = 500, nres = 10000 )illustrate_allodb( genus, coords, species = NULL, new_eqtable = NULL, logxy = FALSE, neq = 10, eqinfo = "equation_taxa", wna = 0.1, w95 = 500, nres = 10000 )
genus |
A character value, containing the genus (e.g. "Quercus") of the tree. |
coords |
A numeric vector of length 2 with longitude and latitude. |
species |
A character value, containing the species (e.g. "rubra") of
the tree. Default is |
new_eqtable |
Optional. An equation table created with the
|
logxy |
Logical: should values be plotted on a log scale? Default is
|
neq |
Number of top equations in the legend. Default is 10, meaning that the 10 equations with the highest weights are shown in the legend. |
eqinfo |
Which column(s) of the equation table should be used in the legend? Default is "equation_taxa". |
wna |
a numeric vector, this parameter is used in the |
w95 |
a numeric vector, this parameter is used in the |
nres |
number of resampled values. Default is "1e4". |
An object of class "ggplot" showing all resampled dbh-agb values. The top equations used are shown in the legend. The red curve on the graph represents the final fitted equation.
weight_allom(), new_equations().
illustrate_allodb( genus = "Quercus", species = "rubra", coords = c(-78.2, 38.9) )illustrate_allodb( genus = "Quercus", species = "rubra", coords = c(-78.2, 38.9) )
A table built to facilitate the comparison between the Koppen climate of a site and the allometric equation in question.
koppenMatrixkoppenMatrix
An object of class tbl_df (inherits from tbl, data.frame) with 900 rows and 3 columns.
The value of column we is the weight given to the combination of Koppen
climates in columns zone1 and zone2; the table is symmetric: zone1 and
zone2 can be interchanged. This weight is calculated in 3 steps: (1) if the
main climate group (first letter) is the same, the climate weight starts at
0.4; if one of the groups is "C" (temperate climate) and the other is "D"
(continental climate), the climate weight starts at 0.2 because the 2 groups
are considered similar enough; otherwise, the weight is 0; (2) if the
equation and site belong to the same group, the weight is incremented by an
additional value between 0 and 0.3 based on precipitation pattern similarity
(second letter of the Koppen zone), and (3) by an additional value between 0
and 0.3 based on temperature pattern similarity (third letter of the Koppen
zone). The resulting weight has a value between 0 (different climate groups)
and 1 (exactly the same climate classification).
Other datasets:
genus_family,
gymno_genus,
scbi_stem1,
shrub_species
# preview the dataset print(head(koppenMatrix))# preview the dataset print(head(koppenMatrix))
Explanation of the codes used to indicate missing information in equation table.
missing_valuesmissing_values
An object of class spec_tbl_df (inherits from tbl_df, tbl, data.frame) with 4 rows and 3 columns.
Other database datasets:
equations,
references,
sites_info,
sitespecies
# preview the dataset print(head(missing_values))# preview the dataset print(head(missing_values))
This function modifies the original equation table to be used in other functions of the package including: subset the original equation table, add new equations, and choose whether to include equations with a height allometry.
new_equations( subset_taxa = "all", subset_climate = "all", subset_region = "all", subset_ids = "all", subset_output = c("Total aboveground biomass", "Whole tree (above stump)"), new_taxa = NULL, new_allometry = NULL, new_coords = NULL, new_min_dbh = NULL, new_max_dbh = NULL, new_sample_size = NULL, new_unit_dbh = "cm", new_unit_output = "kg", new_input_var = "DBH", new_output_var = "Total aboveground biomass", use_height_allom = TRUE )new_equations( subset_taxa = "all", subset_climate = "all", subset_region = "all", subset_ids = "all", subset_output = c("Total aboveground biomass", "Whole tree (above stump)"), new_taxa = NULL, new_allometry = NULL, new_coords = NULL, new_min_dbh = NULL, new_max_dbh = NULL, new_sample_size = NULL, new_unit_dbh = "cm", new_unit_output = "kg", new_input_var = "DBH", new_output_var = "Total aboveground biomass", use_height_allom = TRUE )
subset_taxa |
character vector with taxa to be kept. Default is "all", in which case all taxa are kept. |
subset_climate |
character vector with Koppen climate classification to be kept. Default is "all", in which case all climates are kept. |
subset_region |
character vector with name of location(s) or country(ies) or broader region(s) (eg. "Europe", "North America") to be kept. Default is "all", in which case all regions/countries are kept. |
subset_ids |
character vector with equation IDs to be kept. Default is "all", in which case all equations are kept. |
subset_output |
What dependent variable(s) should be provided in the output? Default is "Total aboveground biomass" and "Whole tree (above stump)", other possible values are: "Bark biomass", "Branches (dead)", "Branches (live)", "Branches total (live, dead)", "Foliage total", "Height", "Leaves", "Stem (wood only)", "Stem biomass", "Stem biomass (with bark)", "Stem biomass (without bark)", "Whole tree (above and belowground)". Be aware that currently only a few equations represent those other variables, so estimated values might not be very accurate. |
new_taxa |
character string or vector specifying the taxon (or taxa) for which the allometry has been calibrated. |
new_allometry |
a character string with the allometric equation. |
new_coords |
a vector or matrix of coordinates (longitude, latitude) of the calibration data. |
new_min_dbh |
numerical value, minimum DBH for which the equation is
valid (in cm). Default is |
new_max_dbh |
numerical value, maximum DBH for which the equation is
valid (in cm). Default is |
new_sample_size |
number of measurements with which the allometry was
calibrated. Default is |
new_unit_dbh |
character string with unit of DBH in the equation (either
|
new_unit_output |
character string with unit of equation output (either "g", "kg", "Mg" or "lbs" if the output is a mass, or "m" if the output is a height). |
new_input_var |
independent variable(s) needed in the allometry. Default is "DBH", other option is "DBH, H". |
new_output_var |
dependent variable estimated by the allometry. Default is "Total aboveground biomass". |
use_height_allom |
a logical value. In allodb we use Bohn et al.
(2014) for European sites. User need to provide height allometry when
needed to calculate AGB. Default is |
An object of class "data.frame" of new equations.
new_equations( new_taxa = "Faga", new_allometry = "exp(-2+log(dbh)*2.5)", new_coords = c(-0.07, 46.11), new_min_dbh = 5, new_max_dbh = 50, new_sample_size = 50 )new_equations( new_taxa = "Faga", new_allometry = "exp(-2+log(dbh)*2.5)", new_coords = c(-0.07, 46.11), new_min_dbh = 5, new_max_dbh = 50, new_sample_size = 50 )
references: A data frame listing all references used in equation table.
references_metadata: Metadata for reference table.
references references_metadatareferences references_metadata
An object of class spec_tbl_df (inherits from tbl_df, tbl, data.frame) with 57 rows and 6 columns.
An object of class spec_tbl_df (inherits from tbl_df, tbl, data.frame) with 7 rows and 4 columns.
Bibliographical information for sourced equations. Links to the equations
table by ref_id.
Other database datasets:
equations,
missing_values,
sites_info,
sitespecies
# preview the datasets print(head(references)) print(head(references_metadata))# preview the datasets print(head(references)) print(head(references_metadata))
After attributing a weight to each equation in allodb using the
weight_allom() function, equations are then resampled within their original
DBH range using resample_agb(): the number of resampled values for each
equation is proportional to its weight. It creates S3 objects of class
"numeric".
resample_agb( genus, coords, species = NULL, new_eqtable = NULL, wna = 0.1, w95 = 500, nres = 10000 )resample_agb( genus, coords, species = NULL, new_eqtable = NULL, wna = 0.1, w95 = 500, nres = 10000 )
genus |
a character value, containing the genus (e.g. "Quercus") of the tree. |
coords |
a numeric vector of length 2 with longitude and latitude. |
species |
a character value, containing the species (e.g. "rubra") of the tree. Default is "NULL", when no species identification is available. |
new_eqtable |
Optional. An equation table created with the
|
wna |
a numeric vector, this parameter is used in the |
w95 |
a numeric vector, this parameter is used in the |
nres |
number of resampled values. Default is "1e4". |
An object of class "data.frame" of resampled DBHs and associated AGB
from the equation table; the number of resampled DBHs is proportional to
the weight provided by the weight_allom() function.
weight_allom(), new_equations().
resample_agb( genus = "Quercus", species = "rubra", coords = c(-78.2, 38.9) )resample_agb( genus = "Quercus", species = "rubra", coords = c(-78.2, 38.9) )
A table with tree data from the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, USA (SCBI) ForestGEO dynamics plot. This dataset is an extract from the first tree census in 2008, only covering 1 hectare (SCBI plot is 25.6 ha). DBH in cm.
scbi_stem1scbi_stem1
An object of class tbl_df (inherits from tbl, data.frame) with 2287 rows and 6 columns.
Full datasets for tree census data at SCBI can be requested through the ForestGEO portal (https://forestgeo.si.edu/). Census 1, 2, and 3 can also be accessed at the public GitHub repository for SCBI-ForestGEO Data (https://github.com/SCBI-ForestGEO).
Other datasets:
genus_family,
gymno_genus,
koppenMatrix,
shrub_species
# preview the datasets print(head(scbi_stem1))# preview the datasets print(head(scbi_stem1))
Genus and species of shrubby plants identified in the 24 extratropical ForestGEO sites used in allodb.
shrub_speciesshrub_species
An object of class character of length 1.
Other datasets:
genus_family,
gymno_genus,
koppenMatrix,
scbi_stem1
# preview the dataset print(head(shrub_species))# preview the dataset print(head(shrub_species))
Table with geographical information for extratropical ForestGEO sites used in allodb (n=24).
sites_infosites_info
An object of class spec_tbl_df (inherits from tbl_df, tbl, data.frame) with 24 rows and 6 columns.
More details on geographical aspects of these ForestGEO sites can be found in the accompanying manuscript.
Other database datasets:
equations,
missing_values,
references,
sitespecies
# preview the datasets print(head(sites_info))# preview the datasets print(head(sites_info))
sitespecies: Table of extratropical ForestGEO sites in allodb (n=24) and their tree species.
sitespecies_metadata: Metadata for sitespecies table.
sitespecies sitespecies_metadatasitespecies sitespecies_metadata
An object of class spec_tbl_df (inherits from tbl_df, tbl, data.frame) with 1113 rows and 10 columns.
An object of class spec_tbl_df (inherits from tbl_df, tbl, data.frame) with 10 rows and 4 columns.
Other database datasets:
equations,
missing_values,
references,
sites_info
# preview the datasets print(head(sitespecies)) print(head(sitespecies_metadata))# preview the datasets print(head(sitespecies)) print(head(sitespecies_metadata))
This function attributes a weight to each equation based on its sampling size, and taxonomic and climatic similarity with the species/site combination considered.
weight_allom( genus, coords, species = NULL, new_eqtable = NULL, wna = 0.1, w95 = 500 )weight_allom( genus, coords, species = NULL, new_eqtable = NULL, wna = 0.1, w95 = 500 )
genus |
a character value, containing the genus (e.g. "Quercus") of the tree. |
coords |
a numeric vector of length 2 with longitude and latitude. |
species |
a character vector (same length as genus), containing the
species (e.g. "rubra") of the tree. Default is |
new_eqtable |
Optional. An equation table created with the
|
wna |
a numeric vector, this parameter is used in the |
w95 |
a numeric vector, this parameter is used to determine the value at which the sample-size-related weight reaches 95% of its maximum value (max=1). Default is 500. |
Each equation is given a weight by the function weight_allom(), calculated
as the product of the following components:
(1) sample-size weight, calculated as:
where n is the sample size of the equation; the weight given to equations
with no sample size information is determined by argument wna (0.1 by
default).
(2) climate weight, based on the similarity between the climatic conditions
of the equation site and the target location, using the three-letter system
of Koppen's climate scheme. Climate weights associated with each combination
of two Koppen climates are provided in data("koppenMatrix"). The resulting
weight has a value between 1e-6 (different climate groups) and 1 (exactly the
same climate classification). When an equation was calibrated with trees from
several locations with different Koppen climates, the maximum value out of
all pairwise equation-site climate weights is used.
(3) taxonomic weight: equal to 1 for same species equations, 0.8 for same genus equations, 0.5 for same family equations and for equations calibrated for the same broad functional or taxonomic group (e.g. shrubs, conifers, angiosperms). All other equations are given a low taxonomic weight of 1e-6: these equations will have a significant relative weight in the final prediction only when no other more specific equation is available.
A named "numeric" vector with one weight for each equation.
get_biomass(), new_equations().
x <- weight_allom( genus = "Acer", species = "negundo", coords = c(-78.2, 38.9) ) str(x) head(x)x <- weight_allom( genus = "Acer", species = "negundo", coords = c(-78.2, 38.9) ) str(x) head(x)